;;; em-extpipe.el --- external shell pipelines  -*- lexical-binding:t -*-

;; Copyright (C) 2022-2026 Free Software Foundation, Inc.

;; Author: Sean Whitton <spwhitton@spwhitton.name>

;; This file is part of GNU Emacs.

;; GNU Emacs is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
;; it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
;; the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
;; (at your option) any later version.

;; GNU Emacs is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
;; but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
;; MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
;; GNU General Public License for more details.

;; You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
;; along with GNU Emacs.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.

;;; Commentary:

;; When constructing shell pipelines that will move a lot of data, it
;; is a good idea to bypass Eshell's own pipelining support and use
;; the operating system shell's instead.  This module tries to make
;; that easy to do.

;;; Code:

(require 'cl-lib)
(require 'esh-arg)
(require 'esh-cmd)
(require 'esh-io)
(require 'esh-util)

(eval-when-compile (require 'files-x))

;;;###esh-module-autoload
(progn
(defgroup eshell-extpipe nil
  "Native shell pipelines.

This module lets you construct pipelines that use your operating
system's shell instead of Eshell's own pipelining support.  This
is especially relevant when executing commands on a remote
machine using Eshell's Tramp integration: using the remote
shell's pipelining avoids copying the data which will flow
through the pipeline to local Emacs buffers and then right back
again."
  :tag "External pipelines"
  :group 'eshell-module))

;;; Functions:

(defun eshell-extpipe-initialize () ;Called from `eshell-mode' via intern-soft!
  "Initialize external pipelines support."
  (when (boundp 'eshell-special-chars-outside-quoting)
    (setq-local
     eshell-special-chars-outside-quoting
     (append eshell-special-chars-outside-quoting (list ?\*))))
  (add-hook 'eshell-parse-argument-hook
            #'eshell-parse-external-pipeline -20 t)
  (add-hook 'eshell-pre-rewrite-command-hook
            #'eshell-rewrite-external-pipeline -20 t))

(defmacro eshell-extpipe--or-with-catch (&rest disjuncts)
  "Evaluate DISJUNCTS like `or' but catch `eshell-incomplete'.

If `eshell-incomplete' is thrown during the evaluation of a
disjunct, that disjunct yields nil."
  (cl-with-gensyms (result)
    `(let (,result)
       (or ,@(cl-loop for disjunct in disjuncts collect
                      `(if (catch 'eshell-incomplete
                             (ignore (setq ,result ,disjunct)))
                           nil
                         ,result))))))

(defun eshell-parse-external-pipeline ()
  "Parse a pipeline intended for execution by the external shell.

A sequence of arguments is rewritten to use the operating system
shell when it contains `*|', `*<' or `*>', where the asterisk is
preceded by whitespace or located at the start of input.

The command extends to the next `|' character which is not
preceded by an unescaped asterisk following whitespace, or the
end of input, except that any Eshell-specific output redirections
occurring at the end are excluded.  Any other `<' or `>'
appearing before the end of the command are treated as though
preceded by (whitespace and) an asterisk.

For example,

    foo <bar *| baz >#<buffer quux>

is equivalent to

    sh -c \"foo <bar | baz\" >#<buffer quux>

when `shell-file-name' is `sh' and `shell-command-switch' is
`-c', but in

    foo >#<buffer quux> *| baz

and

    foo *| baz >#<buffer quux> --some-argument

the Eshell-specific redirect will be passed on to the operating
system shell, probably leading to undesired results.

This function must appear early in `eshell-parse-argument-hook'
to ensure that operating system shell syntax is not interpreted
as though it were Eshell syntax."
  ;; Our goal is to wrap the external command to protect it from the
  ;; other members of `eshell-parse-argument-hook'.  We must avoid
  ;; misinterpreting a quoted `*|', `*<' or `*>' as indicating an
  ;; external pipeline, hence the structure of the loop in `findbeg1'.
  (unless eshell-current-argument-plain
    (cl-flet
        ((findbeg1 (pat &optional go (bound (point-max)))
           (let* ((start (point))
                  (result
                   (catch 'found
                     (while (> bound (point))
                       (let* ((found
                               (save-excursion
                                 (re-search-forward
                                  "\\(?:#?'\\|\"\\|\\\\\\)" bound t)))
                              (next (or (and found (match-beginning 0))
                                        bound)))
                         (if (re-search-forward pat next t)
                             (throw 'found (match-beginning 1))
                           (goto-char next)
                           (while (eshell-extpipe--or-with-catch
                                   (eshell-parse-lisp-argument)
                                   (eshell-parse-backslash)
                                   (eshell-parse-double-quote)
                                   (eshell-parse-literal-quote)))
                           ;; Guard against an infinite loop if none of
                           ;; the parsers moved us forward.
                           (unless (or (> (point) next) (eobp))
                             (forward-char 1))))))))
             (goto-char (if (and result go) (match-end 0) start))
             result)))
      (unless (or eshell-current-argument eshell-current-quoted)
        (let ((beg (point)) end
              (next-marked (findbeg1 "\\(?:\\=\\|\\s-\\)\\(\\*[|<>]\\)"))
              (next-unmarked
               (or (findbeg1 "\\(?:\\=\\|[^*]\\|\\S-\\*\\)\\(|\\)")
                   (point-max))))
          (when (and next-marked (> next-unmarked next-marked)
                     (or (> next-marked (point))
                         (looking-back "\\`\\|\\s-" nil)))
            ;; Skip to the final segment of the external pipeline.
            (while (findbeg1 "\\(?:\\=\\|\\s-\\)\\(\\*|\\)" t))
            ;; Find output redirections.
            (while (findbeg1
                    "\\([0-9]?>+&?[0-9]?\\s-*\\S-\\)" t next-unmarked)
              ;; Is the output redirection Eshell-specific?  We have our
              ;; own logic, rather than calling `eshell-parse-argument',
              ;; to avoid specifying here all the possible cars of
              ;; parsed special references -- `get-buffer-create' etc.
              (forward-char -1)
              (let ((this-end
                     (save-match-data
                       (cond ((looking-at "#<")
                              (forward-char 1)
                              (1+ (eshell-find-delimiter ?\< ?\>)))
                             ((and (looking-at "/\\S-+")
                                   (assoc (match-string 0)
                                          eshell-virtual-targets))
                              (match-end 0))))))
                (cond ((and this-end end)
                       (goto-char this-end))
                      (this-end
                       (goto-char this-end)
                       (setq end (match-beginning 0)))
                      (t
                       (setq end nil)))))
            ;; We've moved past all Eshell-specific output redirections
            ;; we could find.  If there is only whitespace left, then
            ;; `end' is right before redirections we should exclude;
            ;; otherwise, we must include everything.
            (unless (and end (skip-syntax-forward "\s" next-unmarked)
                         (= next-unmarked (point)))
              (setq end next-unmarked))
            (let ((cmd (string-trim
                        (buffer-substring-no-properties beg end))))
              (goto-char end)
              ;; We must now drop the asterisks, unless quoted/escaped.
              (with-temp-buffer
                (insert cmd)
                (goto-char (point-min))
                (cl-loop
                 for next = (findbeg1 "\\(?:\\=\\|\\s-\\)\\(\\*[|<>]\\)" t)
                 while next do (forward-char -2) (delete-char 1))
                (eshell-finish-arg
                 `(eshell-external-pipeline ,(buffer-string)))))))))))

(defun eshell-rewrite-external-pipeline (terms)
  "Rewrite an external pipeline in TERMS as parsed by
`eshell-parse-external-pipeline', which see."
  (while terms
    (when (and (listp (car terms))
               (eq (caar terms) 'eshell-external-pipeline))
      (with-connection-local-variables
       (setcdr terms (cl-list*
                      shell-command-switch (cadar terms) (cdr terms)))
       (setcar terms shell-file-name)))
    (setq terms (cdr terms))))

(defsubst eshell-external-pipeline (&rest _args)
  "Stub to generate an error if a pipeline is not rewritten."
  (error "Unhandled external pipeline in input text"))

(provide 'em-extpipe)
;;; em-extpipe.el ends here
